Early stage incorporation of biolipids into kerogen in a lacustrine sediment: Evidence from alkaline potassium permanganate oxidation of sedimentary lipids and humic matter     

Ryoshi Ishiwatari  Tsutomu Machihara 《Organic Geochemistry》1983,4(3-4)

Lipids, fulvic acid, humic acid and kerogen were isolated from a lacustrine sediment in which the organic matter is probably derived predominantly from phytoplankton (Lake Haruna, Japan). An alkaline KMnO₄ oxidation study of the organic matter showed that distributions of polymethylene chain lengths in the lipids, humic acid and kerogen fractions are almost the same. The polymethylene chains in the sediment are dominant in the kerogen, lipids and humic acid, their relative abundance estimated by the oxidation being: kerogen (42% of the total amounts of polymethylene chains estimated) > lipids (38%) > humic acid (19%) > fulvic acid (1%). It was concluded that algal lipids may have been incorporated into the kerogen and humic acid fractions after the death of the algae and during, after, their deposition.  相似文献   

Measurements of atmospheric methane at the Japanese Antarctic Station, Syowa   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SHUHJI AOKI  TAKAKIYO NAKAZAWA  SHOHEI MURAYAMA  SADAO KAWAGUCHI 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》1992,44(4):273-281

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The effect of surface characteristics on diffuse reflection radiation at λ=0.40 μm     

Tsutomu Takashima 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1976,43(1):213-232

The diffuse radiation in the upward direction at the top and at an internal level of an inhomogeneous atmosphere is computed at =0.40 m. The surface is assumed to reflect light in accordance with a hybrid mode of a diffuse and specular reflector. The objective is to estimate the effect of underlying surface characteristics in terms of the diffuse radiation field. By making use of these results, accuracy in monitoring the atmospheric aerosols would be increased for the use of remote sensing satellite techniques. Junge power lawv ^*=3 is adopted for the size distribution of aerosols (1963), while the data given by McClatchyet al. (1971) is used for the number density of aerosols with height distribution. It is noted from the computations that the diffuse reflection radiation is affected by the surface characteristics, even if the albedo of the surface is a fixed constant and very small.On leave from the Meterological Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.bl]References  相似文献   

Application of the Information Criterion to the Estimation ofGalaxy Luminosity Function     

Tsutomu T. Takeuchi 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2000,271(3):213-226

To determine the exact shape of the luminosity function (LF) of galaxies is one of the central problems in galactic astronomy and observational cosmology. The most popular method to estimate the LF is maximum likelihood, which is clearly understood with the concepts of the information theory. In the field of information theory and statistical inference, great advance has been made by the discovery of Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC). It enables us to perform a direct comparison among different types of model swith different numbers of parameters, and provides us a common basis of the model adequacy. In this paper we applied AIC to the determination of the shape of the LF. We first treated the estimation using stepwise LF(Efstathiou, Ellis and Peterson,1988), and derived a formula to obtain the optimal bin number. In addition, we studied the method to compare the goodness-of-fit of the parametric form (Sandage, Tamman and Yahil, 1979) with stepwise LF. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Sequential solutions with the bandtype system of Observation equations     

Tsutomu Saito 《Journal of Geodesy》1978,52(1):7-18

The construction of formulas for sequentially computing solutions and a variance-covariance matrix with the bandtype system of observation equations, which is inherent in geodetic networks, is carried out; these formulas are illustrated with a simple numerical example in which the adjustment for the trilateration of triply coupled quadrilaterals is executed.  相似文献   

Time and space variations of the carbon isotopic ratio of tropospheric carbon dioxide over Japan   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

TAKAKIYO NAKAZAWA  SHINJI MORIMOTO  SHUHJI AOKI  MASAYUKI TANAKA 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》1993,45(3):258-274

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Taxonomy and biogenicity of Archaean spheroidal microfossils (ca. 3.0 Ga) from the Mount Goldsworthy–Mount Grant area in the northeastern Pilbara Craton, Western Australia     

Kenichiro Sugitani  Kathleen Grey  Tsutomu Nagaoka  Koichi Mimura  Malcolm R. Walter 《Precambrian Research》2009,173(1-4):50

Microstructures recently reported from an Archaean sedimentary succession (ca. 3.0 Ga) in the Mount Goldsworthy–Mount Grant area in the northeastern Pilbara Craton meet the criteria for compelling evidence of biogenicity [Sugitani, K., Grey, K., Allwood, A., Nagaoka, T., Mimura, K., Minami, M., Marshall, C.P., Van Kranendonk, M.J., Walter, M.R., 2007. Diverse microstructures from Archaean chert from the Mount Goldsworthy–Mount Grant area, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia: microfossils, dubiofossil, or pseudofossils. Precambrian Res. 158, 228–262]. The structures are morphologically diverse. Although they were tentatively classified into five major morphological types (thread-like, film-like, small (<15 μm) and large (>15 μm) spheroidal, and spindle-like), the possible taxonomic significance of these groups was not discussed. Building on our earlier analysis, we focus on the morphology of the larger spheroids, as well as presenting further evidence relating spindles and several bizarre forms, and attempt to group them taxonomically and adduce additional evidence for their biogenicity.Taphonomic features were identified in each of the various morphological groups, but the range of morphological diversity of the spheroids cannot be attributed solely to taphonomic alteration. Four subdivisions of spheroids are proposed: (1) simple single-walled spheroids, (2) thin-walled spheroids having a diffuse envelope, (3) thick-walled spheroids, and (4) spheroids having an extensively folded wall. Simple single-walled spheroids, 15–60 μm in diameter, with various wall textures but commonly lacking envelopes or appendages form the dominant subgroup. Other complex morphologies are present and include aligned or associated bodies of thin-walled spheroids with diffuse envelopes, and spindle-like structures containing inner spheroidal bodies. The degree of morphological complexity and associations between structures suggest the presence of reproductive phases. If correct, this implies that the early Earth (ca. 3.0 Ga) showed a higher level of biodiversity than is currently postulated.  相似文献   

Fractures in Cretaceous granite as pathways of upwelling deep‐seated water at Kawachinagano City on Kii Peninsula,southwest Japan          下载免费PDF全文

Makoto Otsubo  Toru Shimizu  Ayumu Miyakawa  Tsutomu Sato  Michiko Ohwada  Kohei Kazahaya 《Island Arc》2016,25(4):298-300

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Metabolism and chemical composition of zooplankton from 500 to 5,000?m depth of the western subarctic Pacific Ocean     

Tsutomu Ikeda 《Journal of Oceanography》2012,68(5):641-649

Respiration (=oxygen consumption) rates of 28 zooplankton species belonging to 10 taxa from 500 to 5,000?m depth of the western subarctic Pacific Ocean were determined as 0.027–0.44?μLO₂ mg dry mass^?1 h^?1 at in situ temperatures (1.5–3?°C), which are 80?% lower than the rates of the epipelagic Antarctic zooplankton with similar body mass and at a comparable temperature. In terms of adjusted metabolic rate to 1?mg body N (AMR; μLO₂?mg?N^?0.8?h^?1) at 1?°C, the present results (mean 1.66) fall well within the range (0.84–3.32) reported for copepods, chaetognaths, and mixed crustaceans from 500 to 7,000?m in the subarctic Pacific Ocean and Antarctic waters. Judging from their body C:N elemental ratios and ash-free dry mass (=organic matter) data, the major component of organic matter is deduced to be protein (C:N?=?3.4–8.1, by mass) for 19 out of 28 species and lipids (C:N?=?8.6–13.0) for the remaining 9 species.  相似文献   

Recursive formula for the peak delay time with travel distance in von Kármán type non-uniform random media on the basis of the Markov approximation     

Tsutomu Takahashi  Haruo Sato  Takeshi Nishimura 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,173(2):534-545

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